Imam Abu Bakr al-Turtushi أبو بكر محمد بن الوليد الطرطوشي

Imam Abu Bakr Muhammad b. al-Walid al-Turtushi rahimahullah (451-520 AH / 1059-1126 CE) was an Andalusian scholar of the Maliki school. Born in Tortosa (Turtusa) in al-Andalus, he traveled extensively in the Islamic world, studying in Egypt and settling in Alexandria, where he taught for many years. He is best known for Siraj al-Muluk, a mirror-for-princes work that addresses the ethical responsibilities of rulers, drawing on Qur'anic verses, hadith, and the sayings of scholars and wise men. The work became a foundational text in the literature of Islamic political ethics and was widely read across the Muslim world.